Prostitution laws in SwedenSverige
Selling sexual acts is not an offence in Sweden, but buying them is: 'köp av sexuell handling' (Brottsbalken 6 kap. 11 §) carries imprisonment of up to one year, with fines removed from the scale in August 2022. Since 1 July 2025 the offence also covers paid sexual acts performed at a distance, such as live webcam shows where the buyer induces the act, but not ordinary pre-recorded pornography. Procuring (koppleri, 6 kap. 12 §) criminalises anyone who promotes or improperly profits from another person's sale, including brothel-keeping, publishing other people's ads and running escort-ad websites; landlords who knowingly tolerate it are treated as procurers. In practice escort sites are hosted abroad and out of Swedish reach. Reported purchase offences reached 2,266 in 2025, the highest figure in Brå's 2016–2025 series.
Legal model
Buying criminalised (Nordic model). Buying sex is an offence; selling it is not (the "Nordic" or "Equality" model).
Sweden is the reference case for the model: since 1 January 1999 buying sex has been an offence while selling has not. The purchase offence is now 'köp av sexuell handling' in 6 kap. 11 § Brottsbalken (renamed and extended to remote/online acts on 1 July 2025); procuring (koppleri, 6 kap. 12 §) covers brothels, third-party profit, landlords who tolerate the activity and the people behind escort-ad websites.[1][2][3]
At a glance
| Question | Status | In short |
|---|---|---|
| Selling sexual services | Legal | Selling a sexual act is not an offence. The person who sells is treated in law as the exploited party; the criminal provisions target the buyer and third parties. In criminal proceedings sellers are usually treated as witnesses rather than injured parties.[1][3][4] |
| Buying sexual services | Illegal Criminal offence | Buying a sexual act ('köp av sexuell handling') is punishable by imprisonment of up to one year (BrB 6 kap. 11 §); attempts are also punishable. Fines were removed from the scale on 1 August 2022. Since 1 July 2025 the offence also covers acts performed at a distance where the buyer induces the act, such as paid live webcam shows.[1][2][5][6][7] |
| Brothels and managed venues | Illegal Criminal offence | Running a brothel or any managed venue is procuring (koppleri, BrB 6 kap. 12 §): up to four years' imprisonment, or two to ten years for aggravated procuring where the activity is large-scale, highly profitable or ruthlessly exploitative. Enforcement in recent years has focused on massage parlours and escort ads.[1][2][6] |
| Sex workers sharing premises | Restricted Breach: criminal offence | No provision exempts sex workers who share premises. Anyone who provides or lets premises for the sale of sexual acts, or organises another person's sale, risks liability for procuring. A landlord who learns that a flat is wholly or largely used for paid sex and does not end the lease is deemed to have promoted it.[1][2][3][8] |
| Third parties profiting (procuring / pimping) | Illegal Criminal offence | Promoting, or improperly profiting financially from, another person's sale of sexual acts is procuring (koppleri), punishable by up to four years' imprisonment, or two to ten years if aggravated. Since 1 July 2025 this also covers acts performed at a distance, such as arranging live webcam shows.[1][2][9][10] |
| Advertising sexual services | Restricted Breach: criminal offence | There is no specific offence of advertising sexual services, and a person advertising their own services commits no offence. A third party who writes or publishes ads for another person's sale of sexual acts can be convicted of procuring (koppleri), since publishing ads counts as promotion. Online ads are the main way police detect purchase offences.[1][5][6][11][12][13] |
| Online platforms and ad sites | Illegal Criminal offence | People who run, administer or profit from escort-ad websites can commit procuring, and since July 2025 so can those running sites that arrange paid live webcam shows. In practice the sites used in Sweden are run from abroad, and Swedish jurisdiction then requires dual criminality, so a 2021 investigation into four such sites was closed.[1][2][5][6][14][15] |
| Street-based sex work and soliciting | Restricted Breach: criminal offence | There is no soliciting or loitering offence for sellers. Street prostitution is reached only through the buyer: offering payment for a sexual act can already be an attempted purchase (BrB 6 kap. 11 and 15 §§; prop. 1997/98:55 p. 137). The 2010 government evaluation estimated that street prostitution had halved since 1999.[1][7][16] |
| Registration, licensing and health checks | Legal | There is no registration, licensing or mandatory health-check scheme for people who sell sex. The state's policy treats selling as a situation of exploitation to leave rather than an occupation to regulate. Support is organised through social services and a planned national exit programme.[1][17][18] |
| Tax and social security | Restricted | Income from selling sexual services is taxable like any other income and must be declared: Skatteverket states that the law contains no exemption and that it has no power to grant one. Skatteverket has said it does not grant F-tax (business) registration to people selling sexual services, because the business depends on customers committing a crime.[19][20][21] |
| Migrant sex workers | Restricted Breach: administrative offence | Selling sex is not an offence, but non-EU nationals can be refused entry if it is assumed they will not support themselves 'honestly' (Utlänningslagen 8 kap. 3 § 2). Border police use this and public-order grounds against sex workers, a practice Riksrevisionen in 2026 found incompatible with Sweden's anti-trafficking obligations.[4][22][23][24][25] |
The law in detail
Selling sexual services
Selling a sexual act is not an offence. The person who sells is treated in law as the exploited party; the criminal provisions target the buyer and third parties. In criminal proceedings sellers are usually treated as witnesses rather than injured parties.[1][3][4]
No provision of Brottsbalken penalises the seller; 6 kap. 11 § targets only the person who induces another to perform or tolerate a sexual act for payment. The government restated in 2024 that a tenant who sells sexual services from her home does not herself commit an offence (prop. 2023/24:112). Brå found that sellers are in practice usually given witness status rather than status as injured party (målsägande); only about one in ten sellers in its sample were treated as injured parties, usually where other offences were also involved. Riksrevisionen (RiR 2026:18) recommended that the government examine whether sellers should, as a starting point, be treated as injured parties.
Checked 30 October 2026
Buying sexual services
Buying a sexual act ('köp av sexuell handling') is punishable by imprisonment of up to one year (BrB 6 kap. 11 §); attempts are also punishable. Fines were removed from the scale on 1 August 2022. Since 1 July 2025 the offence also covers acts performed at a distance where the buyer induces the act, such as paid live webcam shows.[1][2][5][6][7]
Current text (Lag 2025:586): a person who, in cases other than those covered earlier in chapter 6, induces another person to perform or tolerate a sexual act for payment, mainly in order to take part in or be shown the act, is convicted of köp av sexuell handling and sentenced to imprisonment of at most one year. This applies even if the payment was promised or given by someone else. Attempt is punishable under 6 kap. 15 §.
History of the penalty. Criminalised from 1999 by the separate sexköpslagen (1998:408); moved into Brottsbalken 6 kap. 11 § in the 2005 sexual-offences reform; maximum raised from six months to one year on 1 July 2011; minimum raised from a fine to imprisonment on 1 August 2022 (prop. 2021/22:231).
Remote acts (2025). The old wording required a 'tillfällig sexuell förbindelse' (temporary sexual relation), which the inquiry SOU 2023:80 considered courts could not apply to acts without physical contact. Prop. 2024/25:124 renamed the offence and extended it to acts performed at a distance. According to the bill, buying a pre-recorded film or subscribing to an account that posts pornographic material, without influencing its content, generally falls outside the offence; where the buyer has contacted the performer in advance or during a live show and directs or orders the content, the offence can be made out.
Sentencing in practice. Imprisonment is the only penalty in the scale, but most convictions still end in a conditional sentence (villkorlig dom): of 557 lagföringsbeslut (convictions, summary penalty orders and waivers of prosecution) in 2024, 425 were conditional sentences and 6 were prison sentences (Brå data in the police's 2025 situation report).
Abroad. For purchases from adults committed abroad, Swedish courts' jurisdiction normally requires that the act is also punishable where it was committed (dual criminality; BrB 2 kap. 5 §). Buying from a person under 18 is a separate offence (6 kap. 9 §, up to four years) without this requirement.
Pending. Bill 2025/26:313 would add a separate offence, up to four years, for knowingly using the services of a trafficking victim; for victims of sex trafficking the bill says it would normally absorb the purchase offence. The Riksdag vote is planned for 25 November 2026 and entry into force for 1 January 2027.
Checked 30 October 2026
Brothels and managed venues
Running a brothel or any managed venue is procuring (koppleri, BrB 6 kap. 12 §): up to four years' imprisonment, or two to ten years for aggravated procuring where the activity is large-scale, highly profitable or ruthlessly exploitative. Enforcement in recent years has focused on massage parlours and escort ads.[1][2][6]
6 kap. 12 § punishes anyone who promotes (främjar) or improperly financially exploits the fact that a person is induced to perform or tolerate sexual acts for payment in the ways covered by 6 kap. 9 or 11 §. Aggravated procuring (grovt koppleri) takes into account in particular whether the activity was large-scale, brought significant gain or involved ruthless exploitation. Preparation and attempt to commit procuring are punishable (6 kap. 15 §). According to the inquiry, as summarised in the 2025 bill and resting on the 1984 and 2005 preparatory works, the promotion must to some degree have been 'put into system' (prop. 1983/84:105 and prop. 2004/05:45, cited in prop. 2024/25:124). The police report that offences are largely detected through online ads and joint agency inspections of massage parlours.
Checked 30 October 2026
Third parties profiting (procuring / pimping)
Promoting, or improperly profiting financially from, another person's sale of sexual acts is procuring (koppleri), punishable by up to four years' imprisonment, or two to ten years if aggravated. Since 1 July 2025 this also covers acts performed at a distance, such as arranging live webcam shows.[1][2][9][10]
6 kap. 12 § as amended by Lag 2025:586 refers to sexual acts for payment 'in the way referred to in 9 or 11 §', so it now reaches remote acts as well. The 2025 bill gives as examples a person who provides or administers a website that helps people contact someone who performs sexual acts to order in live-streamed 'camshows', and a person who hires someone to perform such shows to order for a third party. Procuring involving children falls outside dual-criminality limits; procuring involving adults does not.
Case counts are small compared with purchase cases: 229 procuring offences were reported in 2025, and courts and prosecutors issued 18 lagföringsbeslut (14 procuring, 4 aggravated) with procuring as the main offence.
Checked 30 October 2026
Advertising sexual services
There is no specific offence of advertising sexual services, and a person advertising their own services commits no offence. A third party who writes or publishes ads for another person's sale of sexual acts can be convicted of procuring (koppleri), since publishing ads counts as promotion. Online ads are the main way police detect purchase offences.[1][5][6][11][12][13]
Published appellate case law treats advertising as promotion within 6 kap. 12 §: in RH 2013:18 (Court of Appeal for Western Sweden, 2012) persuading a woman to start, designing an online ad offering her sexual services, helping to publish it and setting up her contact e-mail together amounted to promotion, complete before she had any customers. In RH 2010:47 (Court of Appeal for Lower Norrland, 2010) a man was convicted of aggravated procuring for advertising several women on an escort website (the prosecution relied on nearly 500 ads, most of which the court linked to his operation), arranging customers and letting out his flat. Inquiry SOU 2023:80 notes that people in Sweden who post ads for other people's sexual services commit procuring in Sweden even if the website is run from abroad.
The police's 2025 situation report states that most purchase offences reported in 2024 were detected through online advertising, and Brå (2022:3) describes police work against buyers as focused on escort sites.
Confidence: medium. The RH rulings are cited from the lagen.nu case-law summaries, not the full judgments. No statute addresses advertising directly; the rule comes from case law and preparatory works on the meaning of 'promotion'.
Checked 30 October 2026
Online platforms and ad sites
People who run, administer or profit from escort-ad websites can commit procuring, and since July 2025 so can those running sites that arrange paid live webcam shows. In practice the sites used in Sweden are run from abroad, and Swedish jurisdiction then requires dual criminality, so a 2021 investigation into four such sites was closed.[1][2][5][6][14][15]
SOU 2023:80 states that people behind websites that broker sexual acts for payment ('eskortsidor') can be guilty of procuring under 6 kap. 12 §. In 2021 several organisations reported four sites advertising sexual services in Sweden. The prosecutor found that those operating or earning from the sites promoted prostitution, but closed the investigation: the sites were owned and run, and held bank accounts, in other countries (including England, Spain, Germany and the USA), there was no dual criminality, and there was no clear way to block them. Both the inquiry and the government (prop. 2024/25:124) decided against removing the dual-criminality requirement for procuring. The police noted in 2025 that the ad sites aimed at Sweden have their domains in countries that allow organised prostitution and so cannot be shut down from Sweden.
Notice-and-takedown. The Swedish BBS Act (lag 1998:112) requires bulletin-board providers to remove certain plainly unlawful messages, but its list (threats, incitement, hate speech, child sexual abuse material, terrorism and similar) does not include procuring or sex-purchase ads. EU Regulation 2022/2065 (DSA) applies directly. Post- och telestyrelsen (PTS) is the Digital Services Coordinator under förordning 2024:958.
Note. Whether ads for paid sexual acts count as 'illegal content' for DSA notice-and-action has not, as far as we found, been addressed by PTS or a Swedish court.
Checked 30 October 2026
Street-based sex work and soliciting
There is no soliciting or loitering offence for sellers. Street prostitution is reached only through the buyer: offering payment for a sexual act can already be an attempted purchase (BrB 6 kap. 11 and 15 §§; prop. 1997/98:55 p. 137). The 2010 government evaluation estimated that street prostitution had halved since 1999.[1][7][16]
The official evaluation (SOU 2010:49) concluded that street prostitution in Sweden had halved since the purchase ban and considered the fall a direct result of criminalisation. In Copenhagen and Oslo, where levels had been similar before 1999, it rose sharply over the same period. The inquiry also noted that the internet had become an important contact channel but that its extent was not reliably known. The 'status' here describes the effect of the buyer offence; the seller commits no offence. The attempt threshold comes from the 1998 preparatory works, which put it at the latest at the point an offer of payment is made (prop. 1997/98:55 p. 137, as cited in prop. 2025/26:313).
Note. The SOU 2010:49 finding on street prostitution is a government evaluation based on social-services and police estimates. The inquiry itself acknowledged gaps in the data, especially for indoor and online prostitution.
Checked 30 October 2026
Registration, licensing and health checks
There is no registration, licensing or mandatory health-check scheme for people who sell sex. The state's policy treats selling as a situation of exploitation to leave rather than an occupation to regulate. Support is organised through social services and a planned national exit programme.[1][17][18]
No Swedish statute provides for registering sex workers or licensing venues, which would be inconsistent with the procuring offence. The government's exit-programme inquiry (SOU 2023:97) proposed individual exit programmes and a clarification of social-services duties. The 2026–2028 action plan describes a national exit programme being prepared by several agencies.
Checked 30 October 2026
Tax and social security
Income from selling sexual services is taxable like any other income and must be declared: Skatteverket states that the law contains no exemption and that it has no power to grant one. Skatteverket has said it does not grant F-tax (business) registration to people selling sexual services, because the business depends on customers committing a crime.[19][20][21]
The Finance Minister's 2023 answer to a written question relayed Skatteverket's position that the seller is legally required to declare the income and may pay the tax into her own tax account. In 2023 Skatteverket's director-general wrote that all income is taxable under the main rule and that there is no legal possibility of exempting this income. Skatteverket's statement on F-tax was made on its X account on 31 March 2021.
Confidence: medium. The F-tax position comes from a Skatteverket post on X (31 March 2021); it is an agency statement, not a ruling. Which income category applies (employment or business) is not settled in the sources we found.
Checked 30 October 2026
Migrant sex workers
Selling sex is not an offence, but non-EU nationals can be refused entry if it is assumed they will not support themselves 'honestly' (Utlänningslagen 8 kap. 3 § 2). Border police use this and public-order grounds against sex workers, a practice Riksrevisionen in 2026 found incompatible with Sweden's anti-trafficking obligations.[4][22][23][24][25]
Utlänningslagen 8 kap. 3 § first paragraph point 2 allows refusal of entry of a non-EEA national who can be assumed not to support themselves honestly ('på ett ärligt sätt'). In a 2022 parliamentary debate the migration minister said that this existing law allows people who sell sex to be refused entry. EEA nationals can be refused entry or expelled only on public-policy or public-security grounds, where their own conduct is a genuine, present and sufficiently serious threat to a fundamental interest of society (8 kap. 11–12 §§).
Riksrevisionen's audit RiR 2026:18 (September 2026) found that border police detain and refuse entry to people who sell sex. In a sample of 126 detentions of women from five countries in 2024–2025, over a third showed clear signs of prostitution. Decisions cited 'dishonest' support or a threat to public order, and Schengen re-entry bans averaged about three years. The audit judged this incompatible with Sweden's obligations to identify trafficking victims (Council of Europe Convention, art. 10). It doubted that EEA nationals could lawfully be refused entry on this basis except in exceptional cases.
Vandel reform 2026. The 2026 reform tightening conduct ('vandel') requirements for residence permits took effect on 13 July 2026. The Tidö agreement had listed prostitution as an example of poor conduct, but the government bill states that prostitution in itself is neither dishonest support nor a conduct deficiency for these purposes.
Checked 30 October 2026
Key legislation
| Law | What it does here | In force |
|---|---|---|
| Brottsbalk (1962:700) Swedish Criminal Code (Brottsbalken, SFS 1962:700) 6 kap. 9 § · 6 kap. 11 § · 6 kap. 12 § · 6 kap. 15 § · 2 kap. 5 § | Chapter 6 contains the purchase offence (11 §), procuring incl. the landlord rule (12 §), the offence of buying a sexual act from a child (9 §) and the attempt/preparation rules (15 §). Text as amended by Lag 2025:586.[1] | 1 January 1965 |
| Skärpt syn på sexuella kränkningar, bedrägerier mot äldre och brott med kön som hatbrottsmotiv (Prop. 2024/25:124) Government bill 2024/25:124 on stronger protection against sexual violations (remote purchase and procuring) | Renamed the purchase offence 'köp av sexuell handling' and extended both purchase and procuring to sexual acts performed at a distance; sets out what remains outside the offence (pre-recorded pornography) and rejects removing dual criminality for procuring.[2] | 1 July 2025 |
| Utlänningslag (2005:716) Aliens Act (Utlänningslagen, SFS 2005:716) 8 kap. 3 § · 8 kap. 11–12 §§ · 5 kap. 7 § | Grounds for refusal of entry of non-EEA nationals assumed not to support themselves honestly (8 kap. 3 §) and public-order grounds for EEA nationals (8 kap. 11–12 §§), used by border police against sex workers; 2026 conduct ('vandel') requirements.[22] | |
| Jordabalk (1970:994) Land Code (Jordabalken, SFS 1970:994), chapter 12 (Tenancy Act) 12 kap. 42 § första stycket 12 | Forfeiture of a tenancy where premises are used for serious or habitual crime; according to prop. 2023/24:112 this covers use for paid sexual relations from 1 July 2024. Point 12 in its current form applies from 1 July 2024.[8] | |
| Lag (1998:112) om ansvar för elektroniska anslagstavlor Act on Responsibility for Electronic Bulletin Boards (SFS 1998:112) 4 a § · 5 § | National notice-and-takedown duty for listed categories of plainly illegal user messages. Procuring and sex-purchase ads are not on the list; amended in 2024 to align with the DSA.[14] |
Pending and under review
In parliament · updated 13 October 2026
Bill 2025/26:313: new offence of using the services of a trafficking victim
Implementing EU Directive 2024/1712, the bill creates the offence 'olaga nyttjande av tjänst': knowingly using a service performed by a victim of trafficking or exploitation, punishable by up to four years' imprisonment, with attempt also punishable. Where the person was trafficked for sexual purposes, the bill says the new offence will normally absorb the purchase offence (BrB 6 kap. 11 §). Proposed entry into force: 1 January 2027.[7][26]
Next, 25 November 2026: Riksdag vote on the Justice Committee report 2026/27:JuU9 (planned)
Under review · updated 24 September 2026
Riksrevisionen audit RiR 2026:18 on work against trafficking for sexual purposes
The National Audit Office found the authorities' work against sex trafficking ineffective. It recommended that the government examine treating people who sell sexual acts as injured parties by default, and review the rules on refusal of entry and on reflection periods for possible victims. It also recommended moving procuring cases to the specialised prosecution chamber.[4][27]
Next, January 2027: Government's written response (skrivelse) to the Riksdag on the audit's recommendations, due within four months of receiving the report (Riksdagsordningen 9 kap. 19 §)
Under review · updated 30 June 2026
National exit programme for people exploited in prostitution (SOU 2023:97)
The 2023 inquiry proposed individual exit programmes for adults, with a coordinator and plan, and a clarification of social-services duties. The government's 2026–2028 action plan (30 June 2026) says a national exit programme is being prepared by several agencies for local and regional implementation. No bill amending social-services law had been found by October 2026.[17][18]
In numbers
Brå's official statistics on reported offences (final, published 31 March 2026). Up from 1,805 in 2024 and 603 in 2016. The figures mainly reflect police activity, not the size of the market: Riksrevisionen found that reports cluster around targeted operations. In each year from 2022 to 2025, between 41 and 51 of Sweden's 96 local police areas recorded no officer-initiated purchase report (Riksrevisionen; reports can also be filed at police-district or regional level).
Brå, Personer lagförda för brott 2025 (published 28 April 2026). Counts decisions where the purchase offence was the most serious offence (main offence); 557 in 2024 and 485 in 2023.
425 of the 557 decisions were conditional sentences (villkorlig dom). Brå data as reported in the police's national trafficking situation report; counts are per suspected offence and include summary penalty orders.
Timeline
- 1 January 1999The Act prohibiting the purchase of sexual services (sexköpslagen, SFS 1998:408) enters into force, making Sweden the first country to criminalise buying but not selling sex.[2][16]
- 2005The sexual-offences reform moves the purchase offence into the Criminal Code as 6 kap. 11 § Brottsbalken.[2]
- 2010The government evaluation SOU 2010:49 (Skarhed inquiry) concludes that street prostitution has halved since 1999 and attributes this to the purchase ban.[16]
- 1 July 2011Maximum penalty for buying sex raised from six months' to one year's imprisonment.[2]
- 1 August 2022Fines removed from the penalty scale for buying sex, leaving imprisonment only (prop. 2021/22:231).[2][3]
- 1 July 2024Tenancy reform: a lease can be forfeited where premises are used for serious or habitual crime, which the bill states covers paid sexual relations.[3][8]
- 1 July 2025The purchase offence is renamed 'köp av sexuell handling' and, together with procuring, extended to sexual acts performed at a distance, such as paid live webcam shows (Lag 2025:586).[1][2]
- 13 July 2026Stricter conduct ('vandel') requirements for residence permits take effect; the bill states that prostitution in itself is not a conduct deficiency.[24][25]
- 24 September 2026Riksrevisionen (RiR 2026:18) reports that border police detain and refuse entry to people who sell sex, contrary to Sweden's anti-trafficking obligations.[4]
Sources
- Brottsbalk (1962:700) (Criminal Code (consolidated, amended up to SFS 2026:1656)). Sveriges riksdag. legislation · accessed 30 October 2026
- Skärpt syn på sexuella kränkningar, bedrägerier mot äldre och brott med kön som hatbrottsmotiv (Prop. 2024/25:124) (Government bill: tougher stance on sexual violations, fraud against the elderly and gender-based hate crime). Sveriges riksdag, 27 March 2025. parliament · accessed 30 October 2026
- Åtgärder för tryggare bostadsområden (Prop. 2023/24:112) (Government bill: measures for safer residential areas (tenancy forfeiture)). Sveriges riksdag, 21 March 2024. parliament · accessed 30 October 2026
- Arbetet mot människohandel för sexuella ändamål – otillräckligt och med bristande styrning (RiR 2026:18) (National Audit Office: work against trafficking for sexual purposes – insufficient and poorly steered). Riksrevisionen, 24 September 2026. government · accessed 30 October 2026
- Ett starkare straffrättsligt skydd – mot sexuella kränkningar, bedrägerier i vissa fall och brott med hatmotiv avseende kön (SOU 2023:80) (Government inquiry: stronger criminal-law protection against sexual violations). Statens offentliga utredningar (via Sveriges riksdag), 21 November 2023. government · accessed 30 October 2026
- Människohandel för sexuella och andra ändamål. Lägesrapport 26 (Police Authority: trafficking for sexual and other purposes, situation report 26 (covering 2024)). Polismyndigheten, 2025. government · accessed 30 October 2026
- Ett nytt brott och andra åtgärder mot människohandel (Prop. 2025/26:313) (Government bill: a new offence and other measures against human trafficking). Sveriges riksdag, 24 September 2026. parliament · accessed 30 October 2026
- Jordabalk (1970:994) (Land Code (consolidated, amended up to SFS 2026:1498)). Sveriges riksdag. legislation · accessed 30 October 2026
- Tabell 10. Anmälda brott efter brottstyp, i hela landet, 2016–2025 (Reported offences by offence type, 2016–2025 (final statistics)). Brottsförebyggande rådet (Brå), 31 March 2026. statistics · accessed 30 October 2026
- Tabell 40G. Lagföringsbeslut, efter huvudbrott 2016–2025 (Lagföringsbeslut (convictions, penalty orders, waivers) by main offence, 2016–2025). Brottsförebyggande rådet (Brå), 28 April 2026. statistics · accessed 30 October 2026
- RH 2013:18 (Hovrätten för Västra Sverige, B 2384-12) (Court of Appeal ruling: writing and publishing an online ad as promotion (koppleri)). lagen.nu, 18 December 2012. case law · accessed 30 October 2026
- RH 2010:47 (Hovrätten för Nedre Norrland, B 875-10) (Court of Appeal ruling: aggravated procuring via escort-site advertising). lagen.nu, 28 September 2010. case law · accessed 30 October 2026
- Köp av sexuella tjänster. En uppföljning av lagens tillämpning (Brå rapport 2022:3) (Purchase of sexual services: a follow-up of how the law is applied). Brottsförebyggande rådet (Brå), 29 April 2022. government · accessed 30 October 2026
- Lag (1998:112) om ansvar för elektroniska anslagstavlor (Act on Responsibility for Electronic Bulletin Boards). Sveriges riksdag. legislation · accessed 30 October 2026
- Förordning (2024:958) med kompletterande bestämmelser till EU:s förordning om digitala tjänster (Ordinance supplementing the EU Digital Services Act). Sveriges riksdag. legislation · accessed 30 October 2026
- Förbud mot köp av sexuell tjänst. En utvärdering 1999–2008 (SOU 2010:49) (The ban against the purchase of sexual services: an evaluation 1999–2008). Statens offentliga utredningar (via Sveriges riksdag), 2010. government · accessed 30 October 2026
- Ut ur utsatthet (SOU 2023:97) (Out of vulnerability: exit programmes for people exploited in prostitution and trafficking). Regeringskansliet, December 2023. government · accessed 30 October 2026
- Handlingsplan mot utnyttjande i prostitution och människohandel (Action plan against exploitation in prostitution and human trafficking 2026–2028 (press release)). Regeringskansliet, 30 June 2026. government · accessed 30 October 2026
- Skatt för prostituerade (Svar på skriftlig fråga 2022/23:820) (Answer to written question: tax for people in prostitution). Sveriges riksdag, 10 July 2023. parliament · accessed 30 October 2026
- Replik: Skatteverket: Vi måste följa lagen (Tax Agency reply: we must follow the law (on taxing income from prostitution)). Skatteverket, 27 November 2023. government · accessed 30 October 2026
- Skatteverket on X: F-skatt för den som säljer sexuella tjänster (Tax Agency post on F-tax for people selling sexual services). Skatteverket, 31 March 2021. government · accessed 30 October 2026
- Utlänningslag (2005:716) (Aliens Act (consolidated, amended up to SFS 2026:1752)). Sveriges riksdag. legislation · accessed 30 October 2026
- Prostitution som grund för utvisning från Sverige (Interpellation 2022/23:36) (Interpellation: prostitution as a ground for expulsion from Sweden). Sveriges riksdag, 6 December 2022. parliament · accessed 30 October 2026
- Skärpta och tydligare krav på vandel för uppehållstillstånd (Prop. 2025/26:264) (Government bill: stricter and clearer conduct requirements for residence permits). Regeringskansliet, 30 April 2026. government · accessed 30 October 2026
- Beslut: Skärpta och tydligare krav på vandel för uppehållstillstånd (bet. 2025/26:SfU36) (Riksdag decision on stricter conduct requirements for residence permits). Sveriges riksdag, 15 June 2026. parliament · accessed 30 October 2026
- Ett nytt brott och andra åtgärder mot människohandel (Betänkande 2026/27:JuU9) (Justice Committee report on the trafficking bill (planned chamber decision)). Sveriges riksdag. parliament · accessed 30 October 2026
- Riksdagsordning (2014:801) (The Riksdag Act (9 kap. 19 §: government response to audit reports within four months)). Sveriges riksdag. legislation · accessed 30 October 2026